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This report comprises three papers written by staff members of the Fund's Research Department on issues arising out of the reports on the international monetary system prepared in 1985 by the Group of Ten (representing the industrial countries participating in the General Arrangements to Borrow) and the intergovernmental Group of Twenty-Four on International Monetary Affairs. These two reports, which appear as appendices to this volume, were transmitted to the Interim Committee of the Fund's Board of Governors and were subsequently discussed by the Fund's Executive Board in early 1986.

International Economic Relations --- Political Science --- Finance: General --- Foreign Exchange --- Inflation --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Public Finance --- Development Planning and Policy: Trade Policy --- Factor Movement --- Foreign Exchange Policy --- International Financial Markets --- Monetary Systems --- Standards --- Regimes --- Government and the Monetary System --- Payment Systems --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Finance --- Macroeconomics --- Monetary economics --- Public finance & taxation --- Exchange rates --- Managed exchange rates --- Exchange rate arrangements --- Exchange rate policy --- Real exchange rates --- Foreign exchange market --- Money --- Debts, Public --- Prices --- United States

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This volume presents the proceedings of a symposium that was orgainzed jointly by the IMF and the World Bank and held in Washington, D.C. The symposium was organized by Vittorio Corbo, Morris Goldstein, and Mohsin Khan. The papers review the design of, and the economic rationale behind, adjustment programs and examine the best means of helping developing countries achieve balance of payments stability with sustainable economic growth.

Economic policy --- Industrial policy --- Economic stabilization --- Economic nationalism --- Economic planning --- National planning --- State planning --- Economics --- Planning --- National security --- Social policy --- E-books --- Banks and Banking --- Exports and Imports --- Foreign Exchange --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Taxation --- Trade: General --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- Current Account Adjustment --- Short-term Capital Movements --- Fiscal Policy --- Trade Policy --- International Trade Organizations --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- International economics --- Public finance & taxation --- Banking --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Finance --- Exports --- Expenditure --- Fiscal policy --- Revenue administration --- International trade --- Imports --- Government debt management --- Public financial management (PFM) --- Banks and banking --- Balance of payments --- Revenue --- Expenditures, Public --- Turkey

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This paper was originally prepared for a seminar of the Executive Board of the Fund. In the seminar, Executive Directors expressed a broad range of views with regard to both the adequacy of the Fund's approach to financial programming and the validity of the analysis presented in this paper.

Economic development projects --- International Monetary Fund --- Developing countries --- Economic policy. --- Internationaal monetair fonds --- International monetary fund --- Exports and Imports --- Foreign Exchange --- Macroeconomics --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Public Finance --- Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General --- Demand for Money --- Monetary Policy --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- Monetary economics --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- International economics --- Civil service & public sector --- Public finance & taxation --- Demand for money --- Exchange rate adjustments --- Domestic credit --- Monetary base --- Monetary expansion --- Money --- External debt --- Monetary policy --- Credit --- Money supply --- Debts, External --- Argentina

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This study was prepared by Zubair Iqbal of the Middle Eastern Department and Abbas Mirakhor of the Research Department. To collect information and views for the study, the authors held discussions with the authorities and representatives of commercial banks in the Islamic Republic of Iran and in Pakistan.

Banks and banking --- Banking law (Islamic law) --- Islamic law --- Interest (Islamic law) --- Agricultural banks --- Banking --- Banking industry --- Commercial banks --- Depository institutions --- Finance --- Financial institutions --- Money --- Banks and Banking --- Exports and Imports --- Macroeconomics --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Islamic Banking and Finance --- Public Finance --- Industries: Financial Services --- Finance: General --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Other Economic Systems: Public Economics --- Financial Economics --- Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General --- Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions --- International Investment --- Long-term Capital Movements --- Aggregate Factor Income Distribution --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Fiscal Policy --- Monetary economics --- Banking law --- Public finance & taxation --- Islamic banking --- Credit --- Personal income --- Financial services --- Income --- National accounts --- Loans --- Bank credit --- Islamic countries --- Investments, Foreign --- Financial instruments --- Iran, Islamic Republic of

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The enhancement of the IMF’s structural adjustment facility is discussed. In its April 1987 meeting, the IMF’s Interim Committee highlighted the plight of low-income countries, and outlined a strategy for their recovery. It emphasized that it is crucial for these countries to implement reforms that to be fully effective, will need to be accompanied by the timely provision of additional financing on appropriate concessional terms to support these reforms. The Committee also called upon creditor governments to grant exceptional relief with respect to official credits in highly indebted low-income countries.

Banks and Banking --- Budgeting --- Exports and Imports --- Foreign Exchange --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Macroeconomics --- Trade: General --- National Budget --- Budget Systems --- Trade Policy --- International Trade Organizations --- Current Account Adjustment --- Short-term Capital Movements --- Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General --- International economics --- Budgeting & financial management --- Monetary economics --- Banking --- Public finance & taxation --- Finance --- Imports --- Exports --- Budget planning and preparation --- Exchange rates --- International trade --- Public financial management (PFM) --- Tariffs --- Taxes --- Bank credit --- Money --- Budget --- Balance of payments --- Credit --- United States